What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• A. Prokaryotic cells contain a nucleus while eukaryotic cells do not
• B. Eukaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler than prokaryotic cells
• C. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
• D. Eukaryotic cells have no genetic material

Answer: (C)

The distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is fundamentally based on structural differences, particularly in their cellular organization. Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria and archaea, are characterized by the absence of a defined nucleus and lack membrane-bound organelles. Instead of a nucleus, prokaryotic genetic material is located in a region called the nucleoid. This structural simplicity is key to their classification.

Eukaryotic cells, found in organisms such as plants, animals, and fungi, contain a nucleus that houses their genetic material as well as various membrane-bound organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria, which perform specialized functions.

This understanding highlights why the answer correctly identifies that prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, distinguishing them clearly from eukaryotic cells, which possess these features.